Insurance and Risk


Insurance and Risk

Insurance and Risk is published by the Association of Hungarian Insurance Companies.

The aim of the quarterly journal is to create a credible platform for the scientific analysis and dialogue on current issues affecting the insurance sector, and to contribute to the development of financial literacy and informed decision-making on issues affecting the profession.

It also provides a publication opportunity for young researchers in the field of insurance. The journal focuses on articles that address current issues of relevance to the insurance profession from both a theoretical and empirical perspective.

Editorial board Dr. Pandurics Anett president, Dr. Kovács Erzsébet editor in chief, Lencsés Katalin editor, Balogh László, Erdős Mihály, Gordos József, Heit Gábor, Horváth Gyula, Jeney Attila, Dr. Molnos Dániel, Nagy Koppány, Papp Lajos, Püski András, Szalai Péter

Advisory board Dr. Baji Petra PhD, Dr. Barabás Béla CSc, Dr. Bélyácz Iván DSc, Dr. Farkas Szilveszter PhD, Dr. Forgó Ferenc DSc, Dr. Gáll József PhD, Dr. Kováts Antal CSc, Dr. Takáts Péter PhD, Dr. Tőkey Balázs PhD

Green Card Bureau


Green Card Bureau

Attention! Green card will be valid electronically as well from 2025!

From 1 January 2025, the green card issued in electronic form will no longer have to be printed out by the vehicle owner. This was decided by the General Assembly of the Central Organisation of the International Green Card Scheme (COB) in the summer of 2024. From now on, the holder can choose to present the green card to the authorities in paper or electronic PDF format, regardless of the software, hardware or operating system on which it is presented. The organisation has decided that from 1 January 2025, authorities in all EU Member States will have to accept green cards in PDF format on a portable electronic device (e.g. smartphone, tablet) from foreign motorists visiting their country. This does not require any special technical device or application (e.g. QR code reader) to be used by the authorities. The only practical change is that instead of a printed green card, the same document will be checked on the basis of its electronic image. The only practical change is that instead of a printed green card, the same document will be checked against an electronically displayed image. The use of traditional paper green cards will remain unchanged and will be presented and checked in the same way as before. In all cases, where the electronic version is not available or is not to be used by the holder, the green card must be printed on white paper in black ink on A/4 format. The technical implementation of the green card in the form of an electronic-only certificate is still pending, but is being negotiated. The Association of Hungarian Insurance Companies, as the National Bureau, is of the opinion that the introduction of the new electronic green card does not require any changes to the existing Hungarian legislation and the Hungarian authorities have stated that they are ready to implement the new practice from 1 January 2025. We remind our customers that insurance companies will send a separate customer information leaflet on the change to all drivers with compulsory third party liability insurance.

Association of the Hungarian Insurance Companies

Introduction

As per the definition determined by Act LXII of 2009  on Insurance Against Civil Liability in Respect of the Use of Motor Vehicles, the National Bureau is an organisation of Hungarian motor insurers providing compulsory motor liability insurance cover. This organisation is taking care of tasks related to co-ordination, the claims handling and settlements in the framework of the international Green Card System.

The history and aims of the Green Card system

Compulsory motor liability insurance was established in Europe between the First and Second World Wars in order to ensure the necessary indemnity for the traffic victims.

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Countries participating in the International Green Card System

In June 1952 the resolution of the Inland Transport Committee established the Green Card System with the participation of eight countries with effect from 1st January 1953. The eight countries were: Austria, Belgium, France, Netherlands, Great Britain, Sweden, Switzerland and the Federal Republic of Germany. Within a half-year, another four countries (Denmark, Norway, Finland, Ireland) joined this system. In the next few years, most European countries followed them. Hungary has been participating in the Green Card system since 1961.

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Council of Bureaux

With a permanent location in London (and co-operating with the Economic Commission for Europe of the United Nations), the Council of Bureaux (CoB) is the main governing and representative body of the Green Card System. (established in November 1951.)

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The Green Card Agreement (Uniform Agreement between Bureaux)

The Green Card Agreement is based on two principles:

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Multilateral Guarantee Agreement (15th March 1991)

Due to the increase of the international motor vehicle traffic the idea to facilitate the operation of the system changed in spite of the satisfactory functioning of the Green Card system. The members of the Green Card system raised the idea of concluding supplementary agreements which are aimed at the elimination of producing and controlling the Green Card as a documentary evidence of the insurance cover.

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Internal Regulations (new unified agreement (1st July 2003)

During the parallel operation of the Uniform Agreement and its further development, the Multilateral Guarantee Agreement the idea of unification of the two agreements was first raised in 1999. The differences in the texts and as a consequence of this the different interpretations underlined the necessity of the unification.

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Frontier Insurance

According to Directive 2009/103/EC (Motor Insurance Directive), every vehicle normally based in the territory of a third country must, before entering the territory of Hungary, be provided either with a valid Green Card or with a certificate of frontier insurance establishing that the vehicle is insured in accordance with the Directive.

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Public news

Public news

The Assosication of Hungarian Insurance Companies maintains balanced relationships with key media players. Our press releases appear in both print and electronic media, and we are also present on major social platforms, including our own Facebook, YouTube, and Instagram pages.

The pension and life insurance market is on the up

Based on the reports of MABISZ members, the premium income of the Hungarian insurance market increased by 12.5% in 2024 on an adjusted premium basis compared to the previous year. Adjusted premium income in the life area grew by 15.1% and in the non-life area by 11.2%. The companies in the insurance sector are working responsibly for the benefit of Hungarian society, and they can be justly proud of this, said Mihály Erdős, President of the Association of Hungarian Insurance Companies, at his annual press conference on Monday 3rd March 2025.

Increasing savings, new challenges in the field of digitalisation

Efficient and effective professional cooperation has been established this year between the Hungarian Insurers and the Associaton of Hungarian Insurance Companies(MABISZ), which can be built upon in the future – this was said at the executives’ roundtable discussion of the XIV International Insurance Conference of MABISZ on 20 November 2024. The largest annual event of the Hungarian insurance sector this year was dedicated to the role of digitalisation and artificial intelligence in insurance.

MABISZ’s “Secure Yourself!” competition was a success

The Association of Hungarian Insurers organised the “Assure Yourself!” case study competition for the eighth time. This year, 200 students from 68 secondary school teams from all over the country entered the competition. As part of the competition, the competing teams carried out a questionnaire survey of their fellow students on insurance knowledge and planned events to promote insurance effectively. The podium winners of the 15 November final were teams of secondary school students from Eger, Nyíregyháza and Székesfehérvár.

Compulsory motor liability insurance fees


Compulsory motor liability insurance

All operators of motor vehicles with a permanent park in Hungary are obliged to take out an insurance policy to cover damage caused during the operation of the vehicle. Compulsory motor insurance (KGFB) is designed to provide increased protection for injured parties and to adequately cover justified claims for damages against the insured as a result of damage caused by the use of a motor vehicle.


The price tariffs valid from January 1, 2025 are available on the KGFB Fee Calculator (Díjnavigátor). With the KGFB Fee Calculator, you can get to know the current offer of insurance companies operating in the domestic compulsory motor vehicle liability insurance market and all available discounts.

Termination of contract

Please note that MABISZ only enables the calculation of fees through the KGFB Fee Calculator (Díjnavigátor), and does not manage the conclusion of contracts, cancellations, or the acquisition of damage history certificates. Information on the termination of the previous contract, as well as the standard termination form, can also be found on our website in Hungarian.

Border insurance

The operator (driver) of a vehicle based abroad must have the same motor vehicle liability insurance coverage as the operators of Hungarian vehicles upon entering the territory of Hungary and throughout the entire period of stay in the country.

Introduction

The main objective of our association

Representation and protection of the interests of the Hungarian insurance profession. In addition, our association considers among its tasks the coordination and management of activities within our members’ common interest such as prevention of damage, education, protection against insurance fraud.

Our brief history

Since the end of the insurance monopoly in Hungary (1986), several insurance companies have been established in the country. The role of state-owned insurance companies was taken over by the newly formed public limited companies and insurance associations. At the same time, there was a radical change in the legal field of insurance, which required companies to concentrate their interests in a professional association.

On November 14. 1990. eight insurance companies founded the Association of Hungarian Insurance Companies (MABISZ).

Until now, the Hungarian insurance companies, insurance associations and the majority of hungarian branches of EU member states’ insurers joined MABISZ.

The activities of MABISZ

MABISZ’s activities are divided into two main areas: the professional advocacy activities of the association and the tasks related to third-party insurance.

Advocacy

In the framework of the association’s advocacy activity, the aim of our association is to represent the Hungarian insurance profession and to protect its interests. In addition, our association considers among its tasks the coordination and management of activities within our members’ common interest (eg prevention of damage, education, protection against insurance fraud). The MABISZ’s divisions provide a forum where experts working in common areas can exchange their knowledge. In order to support the research and the work on damage prevention, we are working on a single damage statistics system and several common damage databases.

Being part of the European Union, the Hungarian insurance market is in close contact with EU bodies and other Member States. In order to maintain these relationships, MABISZ is a member of Insurance Europe, a European umbrella organization for insurance associations and keeps in touch with a number of other international organizations.

In the context of MABISZ’s social commitment, it places great emphasis on consumer protection, professional information on insurance and the education of the general public. In this spirit, our website also contains a number of information materials. MABISZ publishes several publications annually to the general public and its members, including the MABISZ Yearbook, as well as a press review (Insurance Review) and a professional journal (Insurance and Risk). The report of MABISZ can be seen here.

Tasks concerning third-party insurances

The MABISZ’s Separated Organization Unit (ESZE) has a statutory mandate for dealing with tasks concerning third-party insurances. Among other things, it handles the Compensation Account which provides compensation to victims who were harmed by vehicles lacking third-party insurance, or in other cases, when the one causing damage is unknown. Also MABISZ ESZE manages the Compensation Fund which role is to compensate people, who had their third-party insurance at insurers becoming insolvent. MABISZ ESZE also operates the Information Center for international claims settlement and the Hungarian Green Card Office. An also known activity is the operation of Central Damage History Registry for registering damages and Bonus-Malus degrees.

Executive Management:

Members:

Alexandre Jeanjean

Bacsó Gergely

Daniel Kempchen

Erdős Mihály

Dr.Fedák István

Holló Bence

Dr.Kiss Márk István

Zatykó Péter Iván

Holló Bence

President

Zatykó Péter Iván

Vice-President

Controlling Committee

Colleagues:

Dr. Molnos Dániel Secretary general

Dr. Kerékgyártó Csaba Head of Non-Life Insurance Division
and Head of General Secretariat

Jeney Attila Head of communication

Dr. Farkas Ramón Head of life Insurance Division

Kéri Zsuzsanna Head of Financial Accounting
and Controlling Department

Dr. Svecz Mária Head of Committee

Lencsés Katalin Head of Committee

Dr. Juhász Istvánné Head of Committee

Hortobágyi Katalin Head of IT division

Szilágyi József Head of IT department

Czirók Zsófia Head of Secretariat

Members:

Csata Dénes

Kiss Mariann

Kadocsa Balázs

Varga Krisztián

Lilli Róbert

President

Staff of the Bureau

Szabó Mihály, Head of Motor Claims Division

Dr. Rumi Tamás, Head of International Motor Claims Division

Kéri Zsuzsanna, Finance and Accounting

Tatár Zsolt
Head of Technical and IT Department

Dr. Horváth Zoltán, Chief Legal Officer

Bauer Zoltán, Head of Department

Turi István András, Head of Group

Dr. Varga Kristóf, Head of Group

Domak Gabriella Head of Actuary Group

Babocsai István Head of Internal Audit

Szabóné Zeke Ágnes Head of Group

Keresztes Róbert Accounting Group Leader

Managing Committee

Dr. Molnos Dániel Secretary general

Szabó Mihály, Head of Motor Claims Division

Dr. Rumi Tamás, Head of International Motor Claims Division

Dr. Láng Géza

Ribényi Ákos

Sándor Pál

Tallárom Tamás

Standing Committees, Commissions and Sections of MABISZ

Standing Committees and Commissions:

  • Health, Accident and Underwriting Committee
    • Medical Underwriting Commission
    • Travel Insurance Commission
  • Life Insurance Committee
  • Motor Insurance Committee
    • Motor Claim Settlement Commission
  • Communications Committee
  • Poperty Insurance Committee
    • Liability Insurance Commission
    • Industrial and Technical Insurance Commission
    • Homeowners’ and SMEs’ Insurance Commission
    • Agricultural Insurance Commission
    • Cargo Insurance Commission
    • Property Safety and Lost Prevention Commission
  • Business Committee

Sections:

  • Actuarial Section
  • Internal Audit Section
  • CFO Szekció
  • HR Section
  • IT Section
  • Legal Section
  • Financial Section
  • Oktatási Szekció

CEO Club

Accident reporting

Claims report

In all the different cases where our office in his capacity, shall be obliged to indemnify for the losses caused by using a motor vehicle, the loss may be reported to any of the insurance companies providing motor insurance. In case it has already been established on the spot of the accident, that the user of the motor vehicle causing the accident was uninsured, it would be advisable for the claimant to report the loss to his/her own liability insurer.

Should the loss caused by a motor vehicle under foreign registration, it would be advisable to obtain the name of the liability insurer as well as the insurance policy number of the said vehicle. Should this information be made available, the time required for the settlement of the loss would be much shorter. Furthermore, it is recommended to make an inquiry either at our office or at any of the insurance companies prior to the notification of the loss, whether or not the foreign liability insurer involved, would have a so-called correspondent insurance company appointed to handling and settling claims arising from losses caused in Hungary. If so, then the loss should be reported to this insurance company or to an organization appointed by the said company to handle insurance claims. In such cases, this organization will be acting on behalf of the foreign liability insurer, during the whole process of claim settlement.

In case the foreign insurer does not have a correspondent, then as soon as the loss has been surveyed, the amount of the loss has been established and the necessary documents have been collected, the whole set of documentation would be forwarded onto our office for further handling of the claim.

It is imperative that all relevant information be obtained and all circumstances carefully established on the spot of the accident. The essential information necessary to start the claim settlement process are all included in the so-called (European) Accident Report Form.This is to be completed in full and with reasonable accuracy. One has to bear in mind, that a driver involved in an accident is legally obliged to advise all other people involved in the same accident of the details of the motor vehicle driven by him/her as well as the particulars of the respective liability insurance.

A common problem of claim settlement is, that in most cases of accidents involving a truck & trailer, only the registration number of the trailer is recorded, although the registration number of the truck would be necessary to identify the liable owner. It would be very helpful to record the name of the country where the truck is registered .The reason is that more and more countries are adopting identical or very similar registration numbering systems, especially those states established in the past few years.

E-kárbejelentő (E-Claim Reporter App) application: a unique digital innovation by MABISZ

The Association of Hungarian Insurance Companies (MABISZ) launched its proprietary digital claim form – accident help service – application in 2019, which is unique on an international level, replacing the traditional “blue-yellow” paper claim form, its virtual version. The MABISZ E-kárbejelentő (E-Claim ReporterApp) was awarded “Website of the Year” in 2019 and “Technology Solution of the Year” in 2021.

The E-kárbejelentő offers a number of extra features over the traditional paper-based report. In the application, it is possible to fill in with pre-filled data, and thanks to the quick identification function, all required data on vehicle and insurance policy details are loaded from a central database by entering two data (registration number and date of birth in the case of an individual; registration number and tax number in the case of a legal entity). The background database is operated by an organization affiliated to the state. The title of data management is regulated by law. The loss report can also be supplemented with images and voice messages, which make it easier to settle the damage and, in some cases, make it unnecessary to inspect the vehicle for damage.

Download the Hungarian-English bilingual E-kárbejelentő quickly and easily from the AppStore or from the Google Pay store, and follow carefully the instructions!

About the application

Hungarian Insurance Association

Insurance news


Insurance Review (Biztosítási Szemle)

“Insurance Review” (biztositasiszemle.hu) online magazine is published by the Association of Hungarian Insurance Companies.

“Biztositasiszemle.hu” online newspaper is published by the Association of Hungarian Insurance Companies (MABISZ). All rights reserved to copy and distribute any part of the newspaper. The news and notices of “Biztositasiszemle.hu” may be used exclusively with reference to “Biztositasiszemle.hu”, where the reference is in the form “Biztositasiszemle.hu online insurance journal.” The editorial staff of “Biztositasiszemle.hu” obtains all data, information and news posted on the portal from reliable and verifiable sources. The publisher makes every effort to verify the data and information before publication, but MABISZ excludes any liability for damages resulting from any untruth or inaccuracy of the information published on the site.

It can be accessed here:

Events

Events

The Association also seeks to demonstrate the individual and social benefits of insurance through large-scale events.
The MABISZ Conference is one of the most important events of the insurance companies in Hungary. One of MABISZ’s initiatives is the ‘Safety week’ for drawing attention to the safety of children and every other passenger. The ‘Secure yourself’ is a competition to sensitize the population, especially young people on the subject of insurances.

Conference

The annual international conference of the Association of Hungarian Insurer Companies is one of the most prominent event of the Hungarian insurance industry. The focus of the conference is always the customer service, the latest trends and the presentation of challenges. In addition, the event is also a special meeting for the sector’s decision-makers.

Safety Week

In 2017, at the initiative of MABISZ, a road safety and insurance themed week, called Safety Week was launched.
MABISZ co-organize the week with the National Accident Prevention Committee of the National Police Headquarters (ORFK-OBB). MABISZ cooperates with a number of organizations in connection with the themed week.

Secure Yourself! Competition

The competition targets the young generation, it aims to sensitize their interest in the insurance industry and to strengthen the relationship between the university students and the sector.
The event is organized by Case Solvers, which is itself a youthful company. They want to train the youngsters in a many-sided, problem-oriented way.

Public Procurement Conference

The presentations at this conference are about procuring insurance services and the requirements related to procuring building insurances.

Press releases


Press releases

 

Reelection at the Association of the Hungarian Insurance Companies (2025.03.12.)

On 12 March 2025, the Association of Hungarian Insurance Companies (MABISZ) elected a new eight-member Executive Committee following the expiry of the mandate of the previous Executive Committee.

Mihály Erdős, the current president of the Association, had previously announced that he would not stand for reelection. The members of the Executive Committee elected Bence Holló, the current Deputy Chairman and CEO of NN Biztosító Zrt. as President, and Peter Zatykó, the current CEO of Alfa Vienna Insurance Group Zrt. as the new Deputy Chairman.

“I would like to thank Mihály Erdős for his work at the head of the Association over the past decade and a half as Vice-Chairman and then President, a period of outstanding activity and success in the history of the Hungarian insurance sector. I thank the membership for their trust and support, and my goal is to focus on the challenges ahead in the coming years as President of the Association of Hungarian Insurance Companies,” said Bence Holló, Chairman and CEO of NN Biztosító Zrt. after the election.

Association of the Hungarian Insurance Companies

Increasing savings, new challenges in the field of digitalisation(2025.03.03.)

Efficient and effective professional cooperation has been established this year between the Association of Hungarian Insurance Companies and Hungarian insurers, which can be built upon in the future – this was said at the executive’s roundtable discussion of the XIV. International Insurance Conference of MABISZ (Assosication of Hungarian Insurance Companies). This year, the largest annual event of the Hungarian insurance sector was dedicated to the role of digitalisation and artificial intelligence in insurance.

As highlighted in its information, in 2024 the total premium income of MABISZ members will reach HUF 1 777 billion. This amount is 12.4 percent higher than the previous year, but in real terms it is roughly the same as in 2018. The number of policies managed by domestic insurers is close to 14 million, an indicator almost 400,000 more than in 2023. The drivers of growth were compulsory motor liability, pension and liability insurance. Unfortunately, the number of CASCO insurance contracts continues to decline, a fact linked to tax regulations and the ageing car population in the country, as the average age of the car population in 2024 was 16.1 years,” the MABISZ President pointed out.

Life insurance market

Last year, non-life premium income increased by 11.2% to HUF 1,077 billion, he continued. As he said, premium income in the life segment grew by 14.4% to HUF 700 billion. In 2024, premium income in the pension insurance segment grew by 15.3%, which means 523,000 insurance contracts, i.e. 30,000 contracts more on a year/year basis. The number of term insurance policies increased by 4.9% and unit-linked by 0.4%, while the number of mixed life insurance policies decreased by 11.6%. Premium income from personal property insurance increased by 14%, and KGFB policies also generated 13.6% more premiums in 2024, Mihály Erdős said.Although the president of MABISZ says that the term “claims expenditure” is unfortunate in the life insurance sector, the accepted professional definition is that the sector as a whole made 9.6% more claims payments than in the previous year. The life area saw an increase of 3.9%, while the non-life area grew by 16.1%, Mihály Erdős summarised.

Housing insurance and the property market

As far as the housing insurance market is concerned, the MABISZ President stressed that during the last campaign, the number of contracts, according to members’ data, remained practically unchanged, and in fact, on a year/year basis, the number decreased by 1152 contracts. However, there was a visible increase in the stock premium and the average premium: if the MFO (Certified Customer-friendly Home Insurance) indicator is taken into account, the increase was 12.6%, while without the MFO(Certified Customer-friendly Home Insurance) indicator, the increase was 13.3%. This increase is in line with the increase in the construction price index, which was 15.9% and is the benchmark for indexation. According to Mihály Erdős, last year’s campaign contributed to the near doubling of the MFO(Certified Customer-friendly Home Insurance) index, which now accounts for 2.7% of the total stock of 3.3 million.As President of MABISZ, he reminded that the Association of Hungarian Insurance Companies considers it of the utmost importance that during the campaign all customers who cancel their home insurance should take out a new policy and not be left without cover. And when choosing an insurer, the Association recommends that customers should review not only the price but also the content of the services. In this year’s housing campaign, the Association is particularly calling on customers to ensure that when installing new technologies or, where appropriate, increasing the floor area, homeowners also provide adequate cover for these new risks. It is also important to take account of the price rises in the property market when updating contracts.

Liability insurance policy

The President of MABISZ drew attention to the issue of contractors’ liability insurance, which currently affects around 108,000 construction contractors. All domestic construction or design companies and sole traders must have compulsory contractors’ liability insurance. According to a survey by MABISZ, based on the volume of insurance policies taken out by its member insurers, they have already achieved almost 100% coverage in this area, thanks to the efforts of, among others, insurance professionals and insurance intermediaries.

Extra profit tax

Last year, the Hungarian insurance sector paid HUF 240 billion to the budget in the form of insurance and extra profit tax, 13.52% of their premium income and HUF 27 billion more than the amount of tax the sector will pay in 2023. According to Mihály Erdős, MABISZ was pleased to note that, by accepting the Association’s proposals, the extra profit tax could be reduced in 2025 in line with the government’s decision to reduce the extra profit tax in a similar but proportionally larger way to the banking sector.In the case of buying government bonds, the extra profit tax can be reduced by 30 percent of the purchase price. This amount can be reduced up to 100% for life insurance and up to 40% for non-life insurance. The Association of Hungarian Insurance Companies’s forecasts that the expected tax burden on the sector from insurance tax and extra profit tax this year will be around HUF 216 billion, or 11% of the sector’s expected premium income, taking advantage of the possibility to buy government securities this year.

Ethical life 2.0 EU Regulation

MABISZ is proactively preparing for the introduction of the Ethical Life 2.0 regulation, which will partially come into force on 1 July, with the aim of increasing consumer confidence in investment products. I am personally convinced that with the transposition of the Ethical Life 2.0 EU regulation, the Hungarian life insurance sector will become one of the most regulated and transparent sectors of the Hungarian economy,” said Mihály Erdős at the annual press conference of the MABISZ President.

Association of the Hungarian Insurance Companies

MABISZ launched its housing insurance campaign – Not only the premium, but also the risks assumed in the contract are important (26.02.2025)

Regarding its social responsibility to raise awareness of the insurance sector, the Association of Hungarian Insurance Companies has launched its housing insurance campaign again this year. In line with its tradition, MABISZ is again using a competitive, neutral campaign to draw the attention of all property owners to the importance of having adequate home insurance for their property and to avoid underinsurance by insurance companies’ customers.

Association of the Hungarian Insurance Companies

Prevention, risk management

Prevention, risk management

Thunderstorms, lightning, fires: every day, businesses and homes are exposed to a variety of threats. Our recommendations, which you can find out more about on our subpages, highlight the importance of damage prevention and how to reduce the risks.

Recommendation
How to reduce the risk of fire and accidents on construction sites using mobile wireless fire detection, signalling and alarm equipment
June 4th, 2018

It is the mutual interest of the stakeholders of construction works (principally clients, investors, builders, general contractors, health & safety and fire safety engineers and experts) and insurers to minimize the potential damages caused by fire, hazards and accidents and to protect human life on construction sites. This objective encourages those involved in construction and renovation works to adhere to reasonable preventative measures. Through this guideline, the Association of Hungarian Insurance Companies seeks to reduce the risk of fire and the risk of emergencies requiring evacuation for other reasons, by introducing appropriate systems in accordance with the guidelines of the European Union and Hungarian regulations.

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